Description: The Wnt gene family encodes a set of secreted glycoproteins involved in key developmental processes, including cell fate specification and regulation of posterior growth (Cadigan and Nusse 1997; Martin and Kimelman 2009). As for many other gene families, evidence for expansion and/or contraction of the wnt family is available from deuterostomes [e.g. echinoderms and vertebrates (Nusse and Varmus 1992; Schubert et al. 2000; Croce et al. 2006)] and ecdysozoans [e.g. arthropods and nematodes (Eisenmann 2005; Bolognesi et al. 2008)], but little is known from the third major bilaterian group, the lophotrochozoans [e.g. mollusks and annelids (Prud'homme et al. 2002)]. To obtain a more comprehensive scenario of the evolutionary dynamics of this gene family, we exhaustively mined wnt gene sequences from the whole genome assemblies of a mollusk (Lottia gigantea) and two annelids (Capitella teleta and Helobdella robusta), and examined them by phylogenetic, genetic linkage, intron-exon structure and embryonic expression
Authors: Cho, SJ;Vallès, Y;Giani VC, Jr;Seaver, EC;Weisblat, DA
Source: Molecular biology and evolution; 2010 Feb 22
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Description: Invertebrates are increasing in their importance to both the public and private aquarium trade and play a vital role in biomedical research. Surgical techniques have become an important approach to obtaining data and maintaining good health in both of these areas. However, studies examining tissue reaction to suture material in invertebrates are lacking. The current study evaluated the gross and histologic reaction of Aplysia californica to 5 commonly used suture materials, including polydioxanone, black braided silk, polyglactin 910, monofilament nylon, and monofilament poliglecaprone. Histologic samples were graded on the amount of edema (score, 1 to 4), inflammation (1 to 4), and granuloma formation (1 to 4) present, and a final overall histology score (1 to 6) was assigned to each sample. Compared with untreated control tissue, all suture materials caused significantly increased tissue reaction, but the overall histology score did not differ among the suture materials. Silk was the only suture that did no
Authors: Anderson, ET;Davis, AS;Law, JM;Lewbart, GA;Christian, LS;Harms, CA
Source: Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS; 49, 1, 64-8; 2010
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Authors: Vilim, FS;Sasaki, K;Rybak, J;Alexeeva, V;Cropper, EC;Jing, J;Orekhova, IV;Brezina, V;Price, D;Romanova, EV;Rubakhin, SS;Hatcher, N;Sweedler, JV;Weiss, KR
Source: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience; 30, 1, 131-47; 2010 Jan 6
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Authors: Hochner, B
Source: Frontiers in bioscience (Scholar edition); 2, 764-71; 2010 Jan 1
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Authors: Reyes, FD;Walters, ET
Source: Journal of neurophysiology; 2009 Dec 30
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Description: Animal locomotion results from muscle contraction and relaxation cycles that are generated within the central nervous system and then are relayed to the periphery by motoneurons. Thus, motoneuron function is an essential element for understanding control of animal locomotion. This paper presents motoneuron input-output relationships, including impulse adaptation, in the medicinal leech. We found that although frequency-current graphs generated by passing 1-s current pulses in neuron somata were non-linear, peak and steady-state graphs of frequency against membrane potential were linear, with slopes of 5.2 and 2.9 Hz/mV, respectively. Systems analysis of impulse frequency adaptation revealed a static threshold nonlinearity at -43 mV (impulse threshold) and a single time constant (tau = 88 ms). This simple model accurately predicts motoneuron impulse frequency when tested by intracellular injection of sinusoidal current. We investigated electrical coupling within motoneurons by modeling these as three-compartme
Authors: Tian, J;Iwasaki, T;Friesen, WO
Source: Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology; 196, 2, 123-36; 2010 Feb
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Authors: Matsuo, R;Kobayashi, S;Murakami, J;Ito, E
Source: PloS one; 5, 2, e9054; 2010 Feb 8
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Authors: Pavlova, GA
Source: Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology; 2010 Feb 16
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Authors: Günay, C;Prinz, AA
Source: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience; 30, 5, 1686-98; 2010 Feb 3
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Authors: Gaby Maimon, Andrew D Straw & Michael H Dickinson
Source: Nature Neuroscience; 2/14/10
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Authors: Si, K;Choi, YB;White-Grindley, E;Majumdar, A;Kandel, ER
Source: Cell; 140, 3, 421-435; 2010 Feb 5
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Authors: Baltzley, MJ;Gaudry, Q;Kristan WB, Jr
Source: Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology; 2010 Feb 5
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Tags: Aplysia, Learning, and
Authors: Rajasethupathy, P;Fiumara, F;Sheridan, R;Betel, D;Puthanveettil, SV;Russo, JJ;Sander, C;Tuschl, T;Kandel, E
Source: Neuron; 63, 6, 803-17; 2009 Sep 24
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Description: Swami Ramdev Kidney Supplement Help to prevent urinary tract infection and kidney disease completely; Support metabolic, kidneys, liver and gallbladder. Swami ramdev’s Punar navadi mandur medicine is best solution for kidney problems, lake of appetite, abdominal gas and remove Ama dosha's which are due to lake of fire. Taste of this tablet is delicious, so it produces salivation and helps increasing the appetite.
Tags: kidney supplement, kidney remedies, kidney stones
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Description: Get the latest information and Guide on colitis treatment, ulcerative colitis causes, symptoms, allergic colitis prevention. Symptoms of colitis are uncomfortable and more than a little scary: abdominal pain, blood or mucus in the stool, diarrhea, cramping, urgent bowel movements, weight loss, and more
Tags: colitis, colitis treatment, colitis disease
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Description: Dogs Health, Cat Health Care and Animal Health Products. We know how important are pets in our life get complete information on animal health care, natural pet food, herbal pet remedies and pet health care advice.
Tags: dog care, pet health care, pet health
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Description: Post-translational modifications of proteins are a major determinant of biological function. Phosphorylation of proteins involved in signal transduction contributes to the induction and maintenance of several examples of cellular and synaptic plasticity. In this study we have identified phosphoproteins regulated by Pavlovian conditioning in lysates of Hermissenda nervous systems using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) in conjunction with (32)P labeling, fluorescence based phosphoprotein in-gel staining, and mass spectrometry. Modification of protein phosphorylation regulated by conditioning was first assessed by densitometric analysis of (32)P labeled proteins resolved by 2DE from lysates of conditioned and pseudorandom control nervous systems. An independent assessment of phosphorylation regulated by conditioning was obtained from an examination of 2D gels stained with Pro-Q Diamond phosphoprotein dye. Mass spectrometric analysis of protein digests from phosphoprotein stained analytical gels or Coomassie
Authors: Crow, T;Xue-Bian, JJ
Source: Neuroscience; 2009 Dec 1
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Tags: central pattern generator, Invertebrate, feeding
Authors: Schoofs, A;Niederegger, S;Ooyen, A;Heinzel, HG;Spiess, R
Source: Journal of insect physiology; 2010 Jan 11
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Description: The neurogenic heart of decapod crustaceans is a very simple, self-contained, model central pattern generator (CPG)-effector system. The CPG, the nine-neuron cardiac ganglion (CG), is embedded in the myocardium itself; it generates bursts of spikes that are transmitted by the CG's five motor neurons to the periphery of the system, the myocardium, to produce its contractions. Considerable evidence suggests that a CPG-peripheral loop is completed by a return feedback pathway through which the contractions modify, in turn, the CG motor pattern. One likely pathway is provided by dendrites, presumably mechanosensitive, that the CG neurons project into the adjacent myocardial muscle. Here we have tested the role of this pathway in the heart of the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus. We performed "de-efferentation" experiments in which we cut the motor neuron axons to the myocardium and "de-afferentation" experiments in which we cut or ligated the dendrites. In the isolated CG, these manipulations had no effect on the C
Tags: CPG, feedback, musculature
Source: J Neurophysiol 103: 83-96, 2010.
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Description: Swami Ramdev's Divya Shilajeet Sat makes the body strong & lustrous. Very effective remedy for cold, cough, asthma, diabetes, etc. Promotes immunity power in men, women and even children, to cure diseases like gout, cervical spondylitis, pain in the lumbar region, knee, joints etc...
Tags: promote immunity, gout remedies, remedy for cold
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